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\title{DT153G -- Nätverksteknik A\\
Inlämningsuppgift 1 -- The Internship}
\author{Lennart Franked\footnote{%
  E-post: \href{mailto:lennart.franked@miun.se}{lennart.franked@miun.se}
  }
}
\date{\today}

\begin{document}
\maketitle

\section{Reading Instructions}
Before starting Homework 1, you must have read \cite[Chapters 1-11]{2014ITN},
and attended or read the lectures from the first part of this 
course.

\section{Tasks}
\begin{questions}
  \question
  \label{q:terms}
Explain the following to ``The Boss'', keep the answers brief, stick to
the subject and don't hold out on any relevant information.
  \begin{parts}
    \part[1] Client-server
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}
    \part[1] Peer-to-peer
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}
    \part[1] Difference between LAN, WAN, MAN
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}
    \part[3] How the Internet works
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}
    \part[1] Circuit-switched networks
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}
    \part[1] Packet-switched networks
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}
    \part[1] Connection-oriented networks
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}
    \part[1] Connectionless networks
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}
  \end{parts}

  \question[5]
  ``The Boss'' seems to be pleased with your responses, especially since you
  always gave strong references to course literature to back up your answers, 
  compared to so many other potential interns that just stated a lot of stuff 
  without being able to back it up somehow. It made your answers much more 
  trustworthy and serious.  Since you seemed to know what you are talking 
  about ``The Boss'' asks you to explain the OSI-model and the TCP/IP-model 
  and their different purposes.

    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

  \question[7]
  ``The Boss'' looks at you a bit confused, all those standardisation
  organisations, explain to him about EIA, TIA, ITU-T, ICANN, IANA, IEEE and SIS.

    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

  \question
  After you have finished talking ``The Boss'' is silent\ldots\ He then looks at
  you and asks, ``Okay okay, so could you please tell me how a computer is able
  to get data out of just electrical impulses in a cable. I know all about that
  computer language, ''ones and zeroes``, but how does it know if it receives a
  one or a zero?''. 
  \begin{parts}
    \part[4] Explain to him about the NRZ and Manchester encoding, how
             they work, what are the advantages and disadvantage to the different
             techniques and when they are used. To better make your point, use 
             graphics to help with your explanation.
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

     \part[2] \emph{(Optional)} What type of line encoding technique is used in
              modern gigabit ethernet? How does it work?
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

  \end{parts}
  \question
  ``The Boss'' is impressed, and wants to show that he also is really into this
  networking area and says ``Yeah, at home I have gigabit ethernet network, but I 
  think I must have some problems with my switch since I never can reach a speed 
  of one gigabyte per second.'' 
  \begin{parts}
    \part[1] Explain to him the difference between bits and bytes.
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

    \part[3] The different ways to measure the speed of a network, that is 
             digital bandwidth, throughput, goodput. 
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

    \part[1] Finally inform him of what theoretical speed he could reach
             in bytes per second on his gigabit ethernet LAN. Show this using 
             a calculation.
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

  \end{parts}

  \question 
  So far so good, ``The Boss'' seems to be impressed about your vast 
  knowledge in this area. ``Let's talk switches'' he says, ``how do they work?`` 
  Since this is such a big area you decide to keep yourself to just a few
  specific sub-areas. Tell ``The Boss'' about
  \begin{parts}
    \part[1] CAM tables,
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

    \part[3] different types of switching fabrics,
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

    \part[3] switch forwarding methods, and
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

    \part[4] types of memory buffering and the advantages and disadvantages of the
             two main types.
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

  \end{parts}

  \question You are starting to feel like this interview is getting a bit
  more intense than you hoped for, after all its just for an internship at a company
  located in a building that most probably don't live up to any health
  regulations that have been put in place over the last half century or so.

  ``The Boss'' is sitting and thinking very deeply about his next question, this
  does not seem to be a very well planned interview. After a long pause he
  asks:
  \begin{parts}
    \part[1] ``So how about this IPv6, what's the big deal?''
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

    \part[1] You spin further on your answer by going in to how a router works
             and how it sends a packet to its destination according to the 
             ``best route'', but what exactly does that mean?
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

    \part[3] Just to make you appear a bit smarter, you decide to do some fancy
             terminology dropping. Explain to him about IP's connectionless, 
             best effort and media independent properties.
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

  \end{parts}

  \question ``The Boss'' thinks back at his time at the university, and regrets
             deeply that he just cheated his way through the classes, since 
             he should know all of this already\ldots\ He continues and asks: 
  \begin{parts}
    \part[2]``So when a packet arrives at the destination, how does the computer
             know to which application the data should be delivered to?''
             Explain to him about socket addresses and socket pairs.
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

    \part[2] ``You said before that IP is best effort and connectionless, how
             can you then be sure that the data is delivered correctly? And in
             order to the destination?''
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

  \end{parts}

  \question ``The Boss's'' lips move silently as you can see him thinking so
  hard that you are beginning to be afraid for his health. Apparently he haven't
  dropped this one's and zeroes business\ldots``Could you show me how to
  translate these IP-addresses to binary, and what is the network id and
  subnet mask of that address.
  \begin{parts}
    \part[1] 192.168.0.1/24
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

    \part[1] 209.168.15.62/24
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

    \part[1] 4.3.2.1/8
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

  \end{parts}

  \question[1] ``The Boss'' then informs you about his revolutionary security
  system where every employee gets their own personal IP address based on their
  date of birth. ``It is used for accountability purposes'' he says (You will
  later learn why this is not in any way a particular good idea, nor secure). 
  So he asks you to translate the address that you will potentially have, 
  64.YY.MM.DD/16 (Where YY is the year you are born, MM month and DD day.) to 
  binary and of course inform him of what broadcast address and network id that
  subnet will have.

    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

  \question[5] ``The Boss's'' phone make a lot of noise. This gave him one final
  question to ask you. ``So in the grand scheme of things, where do the
  different services, like email fit in?'' With the help of a regular mail system
  (the actual physical mail) analogy, explain how every step from writing the
  letter, addressing it and posting it until that it is delivered to a
  specific person at the delivery address correlates to the TCP/IP-model and
  the protocols involved.
    \begin{solution}
      \ldots
    \end{solution}

\end{questions}

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\end{document}
